DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

Induk kalimat (independent clause) merupakan kalimat yang dapat berdiri sendiri, sedangkan anak kalimat (dependent clause/ subclause) merupakan kalimat yang tidak bisa berdiri sendiri.

Contohnya sebagai berikut:

• If you invite me, I will come
• If you invite me → dependent clause
• I will come → independent clause
• It don’t know how to understand Mathematics
• It don’t know → independent clause
• how to understand Mathematics → dependent clause
• He said to me that he had ever been to Jakarta
• He said to me → dependent clause
• that he had ever been to Jakarta → Independent clause
• The woman whom I met last night is my aunty
• The woman is my aunty → independent clause
• Whom I met last night → dependent clause
• It was a mystery why he was shot dead
• It was a mystery → independent clause
• why he was shot dead → dependent clause

Catatan:

• Induk kalimat berupa past tense, anak kalimatnya (dependent clause) boleh present future atau past tense.
• Induk kalimat berupa past tense, anak kalimatnya harus past tense (past simple, past continues, atau past perfect.
• Dependent clause selalu dimulai dengan kata-kata: if, that, when, how, where, why, which, etc. Sedangkan independent clause akan dimulai oleh subject.
• Suatu kalimat yang terdapat pada dependent clause tidak boleh berbentuk kalimat tanya, seperti pada contoh: It was a mystery why he was shot dead dan It don’t know how to understand Mathematics.
• Pada akhir kalimat dependent dan independent yang terdapat tanda tanya, maka kalimat tanya terdapat pada independentnya. Contohnya: Can you tell me where he lives?