DAFTAR ISI
Rangkuman Materi Simple Past Tense
SIMPLE PAST
Simple past tense adalah tense yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lalu dan disebutkan dengan jelas kapan terjadinya. Jadi jika kita berbicara tentang pengalaman, kejadian yang sudah berlangsung kemarin atau minggu, bulan, atau tahun lalu. Gunakan simple past tense.
VERBAL FROM (Menggunakan Kata Kerja)
Bentuk kata kerja (verbal form) dalam past tense ini menggunakan past verb atau verb 2. Perhatikan pola di bawah ini!.
Positive form:
Negative form:
Note: Verb 1 disebut juga infinitive verb
Keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam simple past tense adalah:
Contoh positive form:
- Jundy accepted the punishment from his manager last week because of his sleeping in the work time.
(Jundy menerima hukuman dari manajernya minggu lalu karena ia tertidur di jam-jam kerja)
- Ten minutes ago, the photographer talked to that woman to keep her pose
(Sepuluh menit yang lalu sang juru foto berbicara ke si wanita untuk tetap di posenya)
- The taxi driver just drove the car very carelessly so that it hit a banyan tree.
(Si pengemudi taksi baru saja membawa mobilnya dengan ceroboh, sehingga si mobil menabrak pohon beringin)
- Yesterday, Tina’s children took permission to set a tent and do their camping activity behind my house.
(Kemarin, anak-anaknya Tina meminta izin untuk mendirikan tenda dan melakukan kegitan berkemah di belakang rumahku)
Contoh negative form:
- Yeserday, Anna did not lock her room before leaving her dormitory house
(Kemarin, Anna tidak mengunci ruangannya sebelum meninggalkan asramanya)
- Last year, The government of Brazil didn’t legalize the potent drink as the part of annual festival.
(Tahun lalu, Pemerintah Brazil tidak melegalkan minuman keras sebagai bagian dari festival tahunan)
- That evil man did not kidnap one of the kids in the room.
(Si pria jahat tidak menculik satu dari anak-anak di ruangan itu)
- This morning, I did not give my assistance to our wife because I was very busy enough.
(Pagi tadi, Saya tidak memberikan bantuan kepada istriku karena saya cukup sibuk)
Interrogative Form
Yes/No-Question atau Auxiliary Question(Apakah)
W/H-Question
Catatan:
- Yes/No-Q = Pertanyaan yang bermakna “apakah” dan diawali dengan did serta menghendaki jawaban yes or no
- W/H-Q = Pertanyaan informasi yang di awali dengan what, when, where, who,why, dan how
Contoh interrogative form:
- Yes/No-Question
- Did Arumi celebrate her birthday with her family yesterday?
(Apakah Arumi merayakan hari ulang tahunnya dengan keluarganya kemarin?) - Did Rangga call the police to solve this criminal case last week?
(Apakah Rangga menghubungi polisi untuk menyelesaikan kasus kriminal ini minggu lalu)
- Did Arumi celebrate her birthday with her family yesterday?
- W/H-Question
- Where did your uncle discard the used things three days ago?
(Di mana pamanmu membuang barang-barang bekas tiga hari yang lalu?) - What did people there hear a minute ago so that they felt so shocked?
(Apa yang orang-orang di sana dengar semenit yang lalu sehingga mereka merasa sangat kaget?)
- Where did your uncle discard the used things three days ago?
Quick tips:
Verb 2 atau past verb pada umumnya memiliki akhiran berikut:
- -ed : played, improved, stated, baked, loved, hated
- -ht : taught, caught, brought, bought, sought
- Irregular form : drank, sang, rang, swam, wrote, won, took
Keterangan:
Dalam kalimat positif, bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan adalah past form verb atau verb 2. Berikut ini adalah daftar kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs) dan tidak beraturan (irregular verbs)
Regular form [bentuk kata kerja beraturan]
Dalam hal ini, kalian cukup menambahkan imbuhan “-d/-ed” setelah kata kerja dasar. Paham kan? Perhatikan daftar kata kerja beraturan berikut ini: Semangat!
Verb 1 | Verb 2 | Verb 3 | Arti |
| Abase Abash Abate Abandon Abbreviate Abdicate Abduct Abhor Abolish Abridge Absorb Abuse Accelerate Accept Accommodate Accompany Accomplish Adjust Admire Admit Adopt Adore Advertise Advise Allot Alter Analyze Answer Apologize Appear Apply Arrange Ask Avoid Ban Bandage Believe Betray Blame Blast Block Boycott Calculate Call Capture Carry Celebrate Change Charter Chat Cheat Check Chew Circulate Claim Classify Climb Close Compile Conceal Conduct Confirm Connect Cook Copy Count Criticize Cry Damage Dance Debate Decay Declare Decorate Defend Defer Delete Deliver Deposit Describe Design Destroy Develop Digest Direct Discuss Disturb Divide Dry Duplicate Earn Empty Enjoy Erase Escape Estimate Eternalize Evaluate Examine Exhibit Expand Explain Export Face Filter Fix Fold Formulate Free Fry Gaze Glow Grumble Guide Handle Haze Help Hesitate Hijack Ignore Imagine Import Improve Insist Instruct Invent Invest Jog Jumble Jump Kick Kidnap Kill Kiss Knock Label Land Launch Legalize Lessen Lift Limit Listen Localize Lock Look Maintain Manage Memorize Mix Neglect Notify Obey Observe Occur Offend Offer Open Operate Orbit Paint Panic Pass Peep Perform Phone Photocopy Picnic Prepare Present Process Propel Provide Pull Push Quake Qualify Quarrel Question Quicken Quote Raid Rebel Refresh Repair Reply Report Review Rob Rub Sabotage Sail Satisfy Settle Ship Smoke Spray Stabilize Stop Supply Tackle Talk Telephone Televise Thicken Tie Train Travel Type Underline Update Urge Urinate Use Vend Ventilate Veto Visit Vote Wait Walk Wash Waste Watch Whip Whisper Whistle Worry X-ray Yawn Yell Yield Zigzag Zip Zipper Zoom | Abased Abashed Abated Abandoned Abbreviated Abdicated Abducted Abhorred Abolished Abridged Absorbed Abused Accelerated Accepted Accommodated Accompanied Accomplished Adjusted Admired Admited Adopted Adored Advertised Advised Alloted Altered Analyzed Answered Apologized Appeared Apply Arranged Asked Avoided Banned Bandaged Believed Betrayed Blamed Blasted Blocked Boycotted Calculated Called Captured Carried Celebrated Changed Chartered Chatted Cheated Checked Chewed Circulated Claimed Classified Climbed Closed Compiled Concealed Conducted Confirmed Connected Cooked Copied Counted Criticized Cried Damaged Danced Debated Decayed Declared Decorated Defended Defered Deleted Delivered Deposited Described Designed Destroyed Developed Digested Directed Discussed Disturbed Divided Dried Duplicated Earned Emptied Enjoyed Erased Escaped Estimated Eternalized Evaluated Examined Exhibited Expanded Explained Exported Faced Filtered Fixed Folded Formulated Freed Fried Gazed Glowed Grumbled Guided Handled Hazed Helped Hesitated Hijacked Ignored Imagined Imported Improved Insisted Instructed Invented Invested Jogged Jumbled Jumped Kicked Kidnaped Killed Kissed Knocked Labeled Landed Launched Legalized Lessened Lifted Limited Listened Localized Locked Looked Mailed Maintained Managed Memorized Mixed Neglected Notified Obeyed Observed Occured Offended Offered Opened Operated Orbited Painted Panicked Passed Peeped Performed Phoned Photocopied Picnicked Prepared Presented Printed Processed Propeled Provided Pulled Pushed Quaked Qualified Quarrelled Questioned Quickened Quoted Raided Rebelled Refreshed Repaired Replied Reported Reviewed Robbed Rubbed Sabotaged Sailed Satisfied Settled Shipped Smoked Sprayed Stabilized Stopped Supplied Tackled Talked Telephoned Televised Thickened Tied Trained Traveled Typed Underlined Updated Urged Urinated Used Vended Ventilated Vetoed Visited Voted Waited Walked Washed Wasted Watched Whipped Whispered Whistled Worried X-rayed Yawned Yelled Yielded Zigzagged Zipped Zippered Zoomed | Abased Abashed Abated Abandoned Abbreviated Abdicated Abducted Abhorred Abolished Abridged Absorbed Abused Accelerated Accepted Accommodated Accompanied Accomplished Adjusted Admired Admited Adopted Adored Advertised Advised Alloted Altered Analyzed Answered Apologized Appeared Apply Arranged Asked Avoided Banned Bandaged Believed Betrayed Blamed Blasted Blocked Boycotted Calculated Called Captured Carried Celebrated Changed Chartered Chatted Cheated Checked Chewed Circulated Claimed Classified Climbed Closed Compiled Concealed Conducted Confirmed Connected Cooked Copied Counted Criticized Cried Damaged Danced Debated Decayed Declared Decorated Defended Defered Deleted Delivered Deposited Described Designed Destroyed Developed Digested Directed Discussed Disturbed Divided Dried Duplicated Earned Emptied Enjoyed Erased Escaped Estimated Eternalized Evaluated Examined Exhibited Expanded Explained Exported Faced Filtered Fixed Folded Formulated Freed Fried Gazed Glowed Grumbled Guided Handled Hazed Helped Hesitated Hijacked Ignored Imagined Imported Improved Insisted Instructed Invented Invested Jogged Jumbled Jumped Kicked Kidnaped Killed Kissed Knocked Labeled Landed Launched Legalized Lessened Lifted Limited Listened Localized Locked Looked Mailed Maintained Managed Memorized Mixed Neglected Notified Obeyed Observed Occured Offended Offered Opened Operated Orbited Painted Panicked Passed Peeped Performed Phoned Photocopied Picnicked Prepared Presented Printed Processed Propeled Provided Pulled Pushed Quaked Qualified Quarrelled Questioned Quickened Quoted Raided Rebelled Refreshed Repaired Replied Reported Reviewed Robbed Rubbed Sabotaged Sailed Satisfied Settled Shipped Smoked Sprayed Stabilized Stopped Supplied Tackled Talked Telephoned Televised Thickened Tied Trained Traveled Typed Underlined Updated Urged Urinated Used Vended Ventilated Vetoed Visited Voted Waited Walked Washed Wasted Watched Whipped Whispered Whistled Worried X-rayed Yawned Yelled Yielded Zigzagged Zipped Zippered Zoomed | Menghilangkan Memalukan Berkurang Meninggalkan Menyingkat kata Turun tahta Menculik Membenci Menghapus Menyingkat Menyerap Menyalahgunakan Mempercepat Menerima Menampung Menemani Menyelesaikan Menyesuaikan Mengagumi Mengakui Mengambil Memuja Mengiklankan Menyarankan Membagikan Mengubah Menganalisis Menjawab Meminta maaf Muncul, Nampak Menerapkan Menyusun Meminta/Bertanya Menghindari Melarang Membalut Mempercayai Menghianati Menyalakan Menghancurkan Memblokade Memboikot Menghitung Memanggil Menangkap Membawa Merayakan Mengubah Mencarter Mengobrol Menipu Memeriksa Mengunyah Mengedarkan Mengklaim Menggolongkan Memanjat Menutup Menyusun Menyembunyikan Memimpin Menegaskan Menghubungkan Memasak Menyalin Menghitung Mencela Menangis Merusak Berdansa Memperdebatkan Membusuk Mengumumkan Menghiasi Mempertahankan Menunda Menghapus Mengantarkan Mendepositkan Menggambarkan Mendesain Merusak Mengembangkan Mencerna Mengarahkan Mendiskusikan Menggangu Membagi Mengeringkan Menyalin Memperoleh Mengosongkan Menikmati Menghapus (kan) Melarikan diri Memperkirakan Mengabadikan Mengevaluasi Menguji Memamerkan Mengembangkan Menjelaskan Mengekspor Menghadapi Menyaring Membetulkan Melipat Merumuskan Membebaskan Menggoreng Memandang Bercahaya Menggerutu Memandu Menangani Memperplonco Menolong Ragu-ragu Membajak Mengabaikan Membayangkan Mengimpor Memperbaiki Mendesak Mengajar / melatih Menemukan Menginvestasikan Berlari-lari kecil Mencampuradukan Meloncat Menendang Menculik Membunuh Mencium Mengetuk Menamakan Mendarat Meluncurkan Melegalkan Mengurangi/melonggarkan Mengangkat Membatasi Mendengar (kan) Melokalisasi Mengunci Melihat Memposkan Memelihara Mengatur Mengingat Mencampur Mengabaikan Memberitahukan Mematuhi Mengobservasi Terjadi Melanggar Menawarkan Membuka Mengoperasikan Melontarkan Mengecat Membuat panik Melewati Mengintip Menampilkan Menelepon Memfotokopi Bertamasya Mempersiapkan Menghadirkan Mencetak Memproses Mendorong / menggerakan Menyediakan Menarik Mendorong Berguncang Memenuhi syarat Bertengkar Menanya(i)/mempertanyakan Mempercepat Mengutip Mempercepat Memberontak Menyegarkan Memperbaiki Menjawab Memberitakan Meninjau Merampok Menggosok Menyabot Berlayar Memuaskan Membereskan Mengirimkan (lewat kapal) Merokok Menyemprot Menstabikan Menghentikan Memasok Memegang Berbicara Menelepon Menyiarkan lewat TV Menebalkan Mengikat (kan) Melatih Berjalan-jalan Mengetik Menggarisbawahi Meng-update Mendesak Kencing Menggunakan Menjajakan (dagangan) Menukar udara Memveto Mengunjungi Memberikan suara Menunggu Berjalan Mencuci Membuang Menonton Mencambuk Membisikan Meniup Mengkhawatirkan Menyinari dengan sinar -X Menguap Meneriaki Mengalah/menyerah Berkelok-kelok Menutup resleting Menutup resleting Memperbesar |
Irregular form [bentuk kata kerja tidak beraturan]
Verb past yang terbentuk secara tidak beraturan (irregular) tidak memiliki bentuk pasti. Maka dari itu kalian pahami dan hafalkan bentuk-bentuk berikut:
Verb 1 | Verb 2 | Verb 3 | Meaning |
| Be Beat Become Begin Bend Bet Bite Blow Break Bring Build Burst Buy Catch Choose Come Cost Cut Deal Dig Do Draw Drink Drive Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Fly Forbid Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go Grow Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Know Lay Lead Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Pay Put Read Ride Ring Rise Run Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shine Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Sleep Speak Spend Split Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stink Strike Swear Sweep Swim Take Teach Tear Tell Think Throw Understand Wake Wear Win Write | Was/were Beat Became Began Bent Bet Bit Blew Broke Brought Built Burst Bought Caught Chose Came Cost Cut Dealt Dug Did Drew Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Flew Forbade Forgot Forgave froze Got Gave Went Grew Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knew Laid Led Left Lent Let lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Read Rode Rang Rose Run Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shone Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sit Slept Spoke Spent Split Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung Stank Stroke Swore Swept Swam Took Taught Tore Told Thought threw understood woke wore won wrote | Been Beaten become Begun Bent Bet Bitten Blown Broken Brought Built Burst Bought Caught Chosen Come Cost Cut Dealt Dug Done Drawn Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Flown Forbidden Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Got Given Gone Grown Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Known Laid Led Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Read Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn Shaken Shone Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sit Slept Spoken Spent Split Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Striken Sworn Swept Swum Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Understood Waken Worn Won Written | Adalah Mengalahkan Menjadi Memulai Membengkokan Bertaruh Menggigit Meniup Memecahkan Membawa Membangun Membuka Membeli Menangkap Memilih Datang Harganya Memotong Membagi/berurusan(dngn) Menggali Melakukan Menggambar Meminum Mengendarai Me-(makan) Jatuh Memberi makan Merasakan Bertarung Menemukan Terbang Melarang Melupakan Memaafkan Membeku Mendapatkan Memberi Pergi Tumbuh Meggantung Mempunyai Mendengar Menyembunyikan Memukul Memegang Melukai Menjaga Mengetahui Meletakan Memimpin Meninggalkan Meminjamkan Membiarkan Berbohong Menyalakan Hilang / kalah Membuat Berarti Menemui Membayar Menaruh Membaca Menunggangi Membunyikan Terbit Berlari Berkata Melihat Mencari Menjual Mengirimkan Mengatur / Terbenam Menjahit Mengaduk / mengocok Bersinar Menembak Menunjukan Menyusut Menutup Menyanyi Menenggelamkan Duduk Tidur Berbicara Menghabiskan Memisahkan Menyebarkan Membocorkan Berdiri Mencuri Menempel (kan) Menyengat Berbau busuk Menyerang Bersumpah Menyapu Berenang Mengambil Mengajar Berlinang Memberitahu Memikirkan Melempar Memahami/ mengerti Bangun Memakai Memenangkan Menulis |
NONVERBAL (Menggunakan Komplemen)
Pola non-verb selalu menggunakan predikat komplemen yang terdiri dari adjective (kata sifat), noun (kata benda), dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Perhatikan pola di bawah ini!
Keterangan:
Be = Was/Were
Contoh non-verbal form
- Was Richard a financial manager when he worked in that service company? (Noun phrase)
(Apakah Richard itu seorang manager keuangan ketika dia bekerja di perusahaan jasa itu?) - The injured soldiers were smart enough to escape from the enemy troops’ attacking. (Adjective phrase)
(Para tentara yang terluka itu cukup cerdas melarikan diri dari serangan pasukan musuh) - The lost kids were just in a pentagonal building. (Adverb of place)
(Anak-anak yang tersesat tersebut baru saja beada di sebuah banguan segilima)
Contoh Soal Simple Present Tense
Soal No.1
Ubahlah kata kerja di dalam tanda kurung (bracket) menjadi bentuk verb yang benar menurut kaidah simple past tense!
- Last night, the thieves _______ the front door and ______ steal some valuable things inside the house. (Break, start to)
- The hero successfully _______ the giant in the tight fight in front of the cave but he _______to save the prince’s life. (Defeat, fail)
- The chef _______ Thai foods in his previous restaurant because it ______ too risky to cook and offer the Thai foods to Moslem customers. (Not cook, Be)
- The theories from our professor _______acceptable by majority of students college here
(Not be) - Did the horse _______ the contaminated water from this river so it _____ dead? (Drink, Be)
PEMBAHASAN :
- Jawaban: broke, started to
Pembahasan: last night adalah indikasi untuk simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2. Broke (mendobrak) dan started to (mulai) adalah bentuk verb 2 atau past verb. - Jawaban: defeated, failed
Pembahasan: cerita (story) harus memuat kaidah simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2. Defeated (mengalahkan) dan failed (gagal) adalah bentuk verb 2 atau past verb. - Jawaban: did not cook, was
Pembahasan: kata previous mengindikasikan simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2, did not, atau was/were. Did not cook (tidak memasak) dan was (Be) adalah bentuk-bentuk predikat dari simple past tense. - Jawaban: were not
Pembahasan: Indikasi dari simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2, did not, atau was/were. Were not (negative be) adalah bentuk predikat non-verbal dari subjek kalimat the theories - Jawaban: drink, was
Pembahasan: dalam kalimat tanya simple past tense. Gunakan verb 1 (drink) setelah auxiliary (did) dan be (was/were) dalam bentuk non-verbal-nya. It memiliki predikat non-verbal ”was”
Why _____ Anton ______ his secret notes into the bottle last night?
- Does, hid
- Did, hid
- Does, hide
- Did, hide
- Do, hid
PEMBAHASAN :
Dalam bentuk tanya (W/H-Question) untuk simple past tense. Gunakan auxiliary did setelah partikel tanya why yang diikuti oleh verb 1/infinitive verb (hide).
Jawaban D
Soal No.3
Ellena ________ a glass of orange juice and ________ three bars of chocolate yesterday moning.
- Drank, ate
- Drinks, eat
- Drank, eaten
- Drink, ate
- Drinks, eaten
PEMBAHASAN :
Yesterday morning adalah time clue untuk simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2 untuk bentuk verbal-nya. Drank (meminum) dan ate (makan) adalah verb 2 yang berbetuk irregular (tak beraturan).
Jawaban A
Soal No.4
Ten days ago, some miners ________ trapped in this channel and ________ to call the emergency help.
- Were, scream
- Was, screamt
- Were, screamed
- Are, screamed
- Are, screamt
PEMBAHASAN :
Ten days ago (sepuluh hari yang lalu) adalah time clue untuk simple past tense yang menggunakan predikat verb 2 untuk bentuk verbal-nya dan was/were untuk predikat non-verbal-nya. Were (be) adalah predikat untuk subjek jamak the miners (para penambang) dan screamed (berteriak) adalah verb 2 yang berbetuk regular (beraturan).
Jawaban C
Soal No.5
The riders almost__________ fatal crash in the last corner but they ______ still control their balance.
- Get, could
- Got, could
- Got, can
- Get, can
- Was getting, could
PEMBAHASAN :
Simple past tense menggunakan predikat verb 2 (got) untuk bentuk verbal-nya dan could (verb 1-nya: can) untuk predikat modal-nya.
Jawaban B
Soal No.6
Which one is grammatically correct?
- Last week, Ajeng did not cleaned the dirty room
- Did the clerk typed the trade document last night?
- Was “Kahitna Band” perform in Westd Java yesterday?
- Karina not was a nurse when she worked in that medical centre
- There were three bikes in this locked room
PEMBAHASAN :
- Opsi A: Setelah did not harusnya clean (bentuk verb 1)
- Opsi B: Dalam kalimat tanya (setelah did) gunakan verb 1 (type)
- Opsi C: Dalam kalimat tanya berbentuk verbal, gunakan did bukan was
- Opsi D: Bentuk negatif untuk non-verbal form adalah: was not bukan not was.
Jawaban E
